First aid - Choking
 

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Choking occurs when a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat or

windpipe, blocking the flow of air. In adults, a piece of food often is

the culprit. Young children often swallow small objects. Because

choking cuts off oxygen to the brain, administer first aid as quickly

as possible.



The universal sign for choking is hands clutched to the throat. If the

person doesn't give the signal, look for these indications:

Inability to talkDifficulty breathing or noisy breathingInability to cough forcefullySkin, lips and nails turning blue or duskyLoss of consciousness



If choking is occurring, apply a "five-and-five" approach to delivering first aid:



First, deliver five back blows between the person's shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.Next, perform five abdominal thrusts (also known as the Heimlich maneuver).Alternate between five back blows and five abdominal thrusts until the blockage is dislodged.



If you're the only rescuer, perform back blows and abdominal thrusts

before calling your local emergency number for help. If

another person is available, have that person call for help while you

perform first aid.



To perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) on someone else:



Stand behind the person. Wrap your arms around the waist. Tip the person forward slightly.Make a fist with one hand. Position it slightly above the person's navel.Grasp the fist with the other hand. Press hard into the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust — as if trying to lift the person up.Perform a total of five abdominal thrusts, if needed. If the blockage still isn't dislodged, repeat the "five-and-five" cycle.



If you're alone and choking, you'll be unable to effectively deliver

back blows to yourself. However, you can still perform abdominal

thrusts to dislodge the item.



To perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) on yourself:



Place a fist slightly above your navel.Grasp your fist with the other hand and bend over a hard surface — a countertop or chair will do.Shove your fist inward and upward.



Clearing the airway of a pregnant woman or obese person:



Position your hands a little bit higher than with a normal Heimlich maneuver, at the base of the breastbone, just above the joining of the lowest ribs.Proceed as with the Heimlich maneuver, pressing hard into the chest, with a quick thrust.Repeat until the food or other blockage is dislodged or the person becomes unconscious.



Clearing the airway of an unconscious person:



Lower the person on his or her back onto the floor.Clear the airway.

If there's a visible blockage at the back of the throat or high in the

throat, reach a finger into the mouth and sweep out the cause of the

blockage. Be careful not to push the food or object deeper into the

airway, which can happen easily in young children.Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

if the object remains lodged and the person doesn't respond after you

take the above measures. The chest compressions used in CPR may

dislodge the object. Remember to recheck the mouth periodically.



Clearing the airway of a choking infant younger than age 1:



Assume a seated position and hold the infant facedown on your forearm, which is resting on your thigh. Thump the infant gently but firmly

five times on the middle of the back using the heel of your hand. The

combination of gravity and the back blows should release the blocking

object.Hold the infant faceup on your forearm

with the head lower than the trunk if the above doesn't work. Using two

fingers placed at the center of the infant's breastbone, give five

quick chest compressions.Repeat the back blows and chest thrusts if breathing doesn't resume. Call for emergency medical help.Begin infant CPR if one of these techniques opens the airway but the infant doesn't resume breathing.



If the child is older than age 1, give abdominal thrusts only.





To prepare yourself for these situations, learn the Heimlich maneuver and CPR in a certified first-aid training course.